Pathophysiology, etiology and etiology-specific management considerations

Practical relevance: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently recognized disease process in cats that requires immediate and aggressive intervention. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiologic processes underlying AKI and familiarity with the most common etiologies are essential for providing the most effective and timely therapy. Possessing this knowledge will also allow a more accurate prognosis to be given, and afford the best chance of a favorable outcome. Clinical challenges: Feline patients often present with vague signs of AKI, which may delay treatment and adversely affect the prognosis. Their response to injury and treatment is often different to that of other species. Audience: This two-part review article is directed at small animal practitioners as well as specialists. Part 1 reviews mechanisms underlying AKI in the cat, as well as etiologies and treatments related to some specific causes of AKI. Evidence base: The veterinary literature is limited with regards to the pathophysiology of AKI unique to the cat. However, there are numerous feline studies evaluating causes of AKI.