Immune Thrombocytopenia Secondary to Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Children: Case Reports and Review of the Literature

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder of an uncertain origin that results in bleeding and decreased platelet count. Autoimmune abnormalities have been described in patients with malignancies including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but are rarely described in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Objectives: To describe an unusual presentation of Hodgkin's lymphoma in an unusual age and alarm pediatricians of the challenging diagnosis. Methods: We present two cases that highlight an unusual clinical presentation of childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma occurring at a young age. Results: Over a 4 -year period, two children aged 5 and 6 years were admitted for suspected ITP, both had cervical lymphadenopathy. Bone marrow examination showed no evidence of tumor or fibrosis. Biopsy of the lymph node was possible only after administration of intravenous immunoglobulins and normalization of the platelet count. Platelet counts increased after initiation of chemotherapy. Conclusions: The identification of ITP as a possible presentation of Hodgkin's lymphoma is important to facilitate timely diagnosis and accurate management.