Treatment outcome of perforated peptic ulcer disease among surgically treated patients: A cross-sectional study in Adama hospital medical college, Adama, Ethiopia

Background: Perforation is a life threatening complication of peptic ulcer disease which requires emergency admission and almost always urgent surgical intervention. It is associated with 30% mortality and 50% morbidity. The aim of this study is to assess treatment outcome of perforated peptic ulcers and its associated factors among surgically managed patients. Materials and methods: A 5 year, tertiary hospital-based, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on treatment outcome and associated factors among 106 patients operated for perforated peptic ulcers from 2015 to 2020. Omental patch, wedge excision and repair, and total gastrectomy were done by residents and/or consultants in 94, 11, and 1 patient respectively. Treatment outcome was considered favorable if the patient dis-charged improved and unfavorable if the patient developed complications/died. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors. Result: Out of 106 patients studied male to female ratio was 9:1. The mean age of patients was 36.13 +/- 15.6years. Seventy-five (70.8%) patients presented after 24h of onset of symptoms. Most perforations were located on the first part of duodenum in 86 (81.1%) patients. Postoperative complications were identified in 30(28.3%) patients. Being female, delayed presentation, hypotension, and perforation site were significantly associated with postoperative morbidity (P < 0.05). Fifteen (14.2%) patients died in the hospital. Mortality was significantly associated with intra-operative level of contamination and development of post-operative complications (P < 0.05). Conclusion: postoperative morbidity and mortality were significantly associated with delayed presentation and postoperative complications.