Thermodynamic evaluation and electrochemical parameters of PVC-based ion-exchange nickel tungstate composite membrane and their potential applications

PVC-based nickel tungstate is a newly synthesized composite material that has been used to make mechanically and thermally well-stable membrane. The composite material was qualitatively synthesized by the sol-gel method of material preparation. The composite material and prepared membrane have been selected and characterized on the basis of their chemical composition, ion-exchange capacity, and FTIR, TGA, and SEM analysis. It has verified the material nature, functional groups, thermal stability plus the phase transition, surface structure, porosity, ion transportation, etc. For the measurement of ionic potential, KCl, NaCl, and LiCl strong electrolytes are used, which helps to obtain the charge density of the membrane that decided the nature of membrane performance accordingly. Teorell-Meyer-Sievers theoretical approach is used to obtain the important parameters of examined membrane that included the transport number, mobility ratio, charge effectiveness, etc.