Regulation and governance supporting systemic MaaS innovations

Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) is an example of a systemic innovation, where mobility services addressing different customers' transportation needs are integrated with real-time traveler information, ticketing, and payment services. This paper examines how the differences in institutional setup, stakeholder processes and viewpoints, and technological development have resulted in different approaches to regional governance when supporting systemic innovations in transportation. Two European regions with established collaboration networks in transportation and spatial planning are compared. These regions are the Growth Corridor Finland and the Basel metropolitan area in Switzerland. During August 2017, an invitation to online questionnaire was sent to 410 stakeholders, who had been participating in different stakeholder processes, such as pilot projects, strategy development groups, academic projects, and infrastructure projects in the field of mobility and commuting. With 99 completed questionnaires, the overall response rate was 24.1%. The answers were analyzed to collect stakeholder experiences from previous collaboration efforts, to assess the importance of transportation innovations to the work of these stakeholders, and to get insights about current barriers and supporting factors when developing these systemic innovations. As a result, managerial implications are discussed for these formal collaboration networks in their aspiration to support new mobility innovations.