In this study we examine the effectiveness of formal institutions (as the macro-level mechanism) and external auditing (as the micro-level mechanism) in controlling multinational firms' engagement in bribery. We adopt World Bank's data and investigate 38,673 firms in 113 countries. Our results suggest that a firm's engagement in bribery is positively related to its foreign ownership. Furthermore, we demonstrate the substitute effects of formal institutions and external auditing in controlling this unethical activity. We argue that in a situation whereby formal institutions are weak, a firm's internal governance mechanism plays a vital role in controlling bribery.
机构:
The College of New Jersey, School of Business, Management Department, EwingThe College of New Jersey, School of Business, Management Department, Ewing
机构:
Calif State Univ San Marcos, Coll Business Adm, Dept Finance, San Marino, CA 92096 USAUniv South Florida Sarasota Manatee, Coll Business, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA
Kang, Eun
Li, Ying
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Univ Washington, Sch Business, Bothell, WA 98011 USAUniv South Florida Sarasota Manatee, Coll Business, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA