Patients with affective disorders have often been reported to experience subjective changes in how they perceive the flow of time. Time reproduction tasks provide information about the memory component of time perception and are thought to remain unaffected by pulse rate disturbances in the pacemaker of the internal clock. In our study, 30 patients with acute depression, 30 patients with acute mania, and 30 healthy Subjects of all age groups were presented with a time reproduction task. Participants were asked to observe a stimulus presented on a computer screen for a certain length of time and, subsequently, to reproduce the stimulus for a similar length of time by pressing the space bar on the computer keyboard. Stimuli were presented to each subject for 1, 6, and 37 s. On average, the time intervals reproduced by manic patients were shorter than those reproduced by depressed patients. Manic patients reproduced the short time interval (6 s) correctly, but under-reproduced the long time interval (37 s, P < 0.001). Depressed patients correctly reproduced the long time interval, but over-reproduced the short time interval (P < 0.001). Remembering time intervals as having been longer than they actually were may lead to a slowed experience of time, as has been described in depressed patients; precisely the converse seems to apply to manic patients. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
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Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Pain & Fatigue Study Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
Japan Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Dept Work Stress Control, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148585, JapanUniv Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Pain & Fatigue Study Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
Togo, Fumiharu
Natelson, Benjamin H.
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Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Pain & Fatigue Study Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USAUniv Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Pain & Fatigue Study Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
Natelson, Benjamin H.
Adler, Gail K.
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Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USAUniv Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Pain & Fatigue Study Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
Adler, Gail K.
Ottenweller, John E.
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Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Pain & Fatigue Study Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USAUniv Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Pain & Fatigue Study Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
Ottenweller, John E.
Goldenberg, Don L.
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Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USAUniv Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Pain & Fatigue Study Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
Goldenberg, Don L.
Struzik, Zbigniew R.
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Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Educ, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Pain & Fatigue Study Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
Struzik, Zbigniew R.
Yamamoto, Yoshiharu
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Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Educ, Tokyo 1130033, JapanUniv Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Pain & Fatigue Study Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA