Over the past nearly 35 years, there has been sporadic interest in what has commonly come to be known as the Proust phenomenon, whereby autobiographical memories are retrieved and experienced differently when evoked by odors as compared with other types of cues, such as words, images or sounds. The purpose of this review is threefold. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the methods used to investigate Proust effects. Second, we review and analyze the various findings from the literature and determine what we feel to be the most important and stable findings. Third, we provide a series of previously postulated and new hypotheses that attempt to account for the various findings. Given the early stage of research, the current review aims to provide a measure of organization to the field, as well serve as a guide for how future investigations may address the topic. We conclude with the recommendation that research in this area shift its focus from establishing the phenomenon towards explaining its causes.
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Univ Liverpool, Inst Hlth & Life Sci, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, EnglandUniv Liverpool, Inst Hlth & Life Sci, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England
Slade, P.
Balling, K.
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Univ Liverpool, Inst Hlth & Life Sci, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, EnglandUniv Liverpool, Inst Hlth & Life Sci, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England
Balling, K.
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Sheen, K.
Goodfellow, L.
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Univ Liverpool, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside, EnglandUniv Liverpool, Inst Hlth & Life Sci, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England
Goodfellow, L.
Rymer, J.
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Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, Div Womens Hlth, London, EnglandUniv Liverpool, Inst Hlth & Life Sci, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England
Rymer, J.
Spiby, H.
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Univ Nottingham, Sch Hlth Sci, Nottingham, EnglandUniv Liverpool, Inst Hlth & Life Sci, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England
Spiby, H.
Weeks, A.
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Univ Liverpool, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
Liverpool Womens Hosp Fdn Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
Liverpool Hlth Partners, Liverpool, Merseyside, EnglandUniv Liverpool, Inst Hlth & Life Sci, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England
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Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Publ Hlth, Res Unit User Perspect, Odense, Denmark
Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Clin Res, Res Unit Gynaecol & Obstet, Odense Univ Hosp, Odense, DenmarkUniv Southern Denmark, Dept Publ Hlth, Res Unit User Perspect, Odense, Denmark
Schroder, Katja
Jorgensen, Jan Stener
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Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Clin Res, Res Unit Gynaecol & Obstet, Odense Univ Hosp, Odense, DenmarkUniv Southern Denmark, Dept Publ Hlth, Res Unit User Perspect, Odense, Denmark
Jorgensen, Jan Stener
Hvidt, Niels Christian
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Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Publ Hlth, Res Unit Gen Practice, Odense, DenmarkUniv Southern Denmark, Dept Publ Hlth, Res Unit User Perspect, Odense, Denmark
Hvidt, Niels Christian
Lamont, Ronald Frances
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Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Clin Res, Res Unit Gynaecol & Obstet, Odense Univ Hosp, Odense, Denmark
UCL, Div Surg, London, EnglandUniv Southern Denmark, Dept Publ Hlth, Res Unit User Perspect, Odense, Denmark
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Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Family Hlth, Maternal Child & Adolescent Hlth Div, Sacramento, CA 95899 USACalif Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Family Hlth, Maternal Child & Adolescent Hlth Div, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA
Mitchell, Connie
Lawton, Elizabeth
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Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Family Hlth, Maternal Child & Adolescent Hlth Div, Sacramento, CA 95899 USACalif Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Family Hlth, Maternal Child & Adolescent Hlth Div, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA
Lawton, Elizabeth
Morton, Christine
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Stanford Univ, Med Sch Off Bldg, Calif Maternal Qual Care Collaborat, Stanford, CA 94305 USACalif Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Family Hlth, Maternal Child & Adolescent Hlth Div, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA
Morton, Christine
McCain, Christy
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Inst Publ Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USACalif Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Family Hlth, Maternal Child & Adolescent Hlth Div, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA
McCain, Christy
Holtby, Sue
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Inst Publ Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USACalif Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Family Hlth, Maternal Child & Adolescent Hlth Div, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA
Holtby, Sue
Main, Elliott
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Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USACalif Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Family Hlth, Maternal Child & Adolescent Hlth Div, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA