Doxycycline-based quadruple regimen versus routine quadruple regimen for rescue eradication of Helicobacter pylori: an open-label control study in Chinese patients

Introduction This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of quadruple therapy containing doxycycline and routine quadruple therapy for Helicobacter (H.) pylori rescue eradication in patients who had failed the one-week triple therapy. Methods Patients who failed the first-line eradication therapy were allocated into two groups. Group A patients (n = 43) were administered esomeprazole 20 mg, bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg, amoxicillin 1 g and doxycycline 100 mg, all bid for ten days, while Group B patients (n = 42) were administered esomeprazole 20 mg bid, bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg bid, metronidazole 400 mg bid and tetracycline 750 mg q.6h, for ten days. The results of H. pylori eradication were assessed with 13C urea breath test four weeks after the therapy, and the side effects were recorded. Results A total of 85 patients (average age 46.9 years) were enrolled in the study. Successful eradication rate for H. pylori was 72.5% in Group A and 64.1% in Group B, with no significant difference between the two groups. 11.6% (5/43) of patients from group A and 31.0% (13/42) from group B reported at least one adverse event. The adverse events of all 18 patients disappeared after the therapy ceased. Conclusion Quadruple therapy containing doxycycline is as effective as routine quadruple therapy for H. pylori rescue eradication. The regimen is well tolerated by most patients and causes fewer adverse events than routine quadruple therapy. Hence, it may be recommended as a suitable alternative H. pylori rescue regimen in China.