Deformation of cantilever foundation pit engineering in sand ground: centrifuge model test

A centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the excavation-induced deformation characteristics of the foundation pit engineering in sand ground. Laser displacement sensors (LDSs) and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology were jointly used to obtain the horizontal deflection (delta(H)) of the retaining wall and ground surface settlement (delta(V)), and the relationship between delta(H) and delta(V). Test results show that the profile of delta(V) is a spandrel type with the maximum values (delta(Vm)) close to the wall, which is consistent with Peck's result. While, the profile of the retaining wall deflection is a straight line with the maximum values (delta(Hm)) at the top. The delta(Vm) is equal to 1.05 similar to 1.75 delta(Hm) for the cantilever foundation pit engineering in sand ground. Although the deformation obtained by PIV method is smaller than that obtained by LDSs because of the inevitable boundary effect of the model box, PIV is an effective method to get the deformation characteristic in the deep zone.