A passive decay heat removal system for the lead cooled fast reactor demonstrator "Alfred"

The generation IV lead cooled fast reactors are of particular interest for the Italian research. At present, one significant European project in progress is LEADER (Lead cooled European Advanced DEmonstrator Reactor) which includes, among its goals, the construction of a lead-cooled fast reactor demonstrator, ALFRED (Advanced Lead Fast Reactor European Demonstrator). The demonstrator provides technical solutions that simplify the construction phase and assure full safety in operation; according to the latest guidelines, ALFRED final configuration will be characterized by a secondary loop providing bayonet-tube steam generators. In a previous paper, the Authors proposed the EBBSG (External Boiling Bayonet Steam Generator) system, in which the reaction heat is extracted from the lead by means of coolant under vapor phase. In the present paper, the Authors propose a decay heat removal (DHR) system to match the EBBSG scheme. The DHR system is fully passive, exploiting natural circulation phenomena. The performance of the system is investigated through a Matlab-Simulink model. The results are satisfactory since, according to simulations, the proposed DHR system is able to keep the primary coolant temperature within a safety range for a sufficient time, avoiding the lead freezing or over-heating. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.