Genetic variation of Phyllostachys pubescens (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) in Taiwan based on DNA polymorphisms

Phyllostachys pubescens is an economically important bamboo species in Taiwan. It was introduced from mainland China probably around the middle of the eighteenth century by immigrants. The purpose of the present study is to identify clones and to study clonal distribution in Taiwan based on DNA polymorphisms. One hundred and seventy-six samples were collected around the island. Genomic DNA fragments were amplified using 13 RAPD primers, 3 microsatellite primers, and 1 minisatellite primer. The resulting amplification patterns were used for clone identification. Nine clones were identified from these samples. The relationship between these clones was studied using cluster analysis and principle co-ordinate analysis. The species is reproduced mainly by the rapid spreading of its rhizomes. The results of the present study revealed that its genetic variation is very limited. The center of variation is in Nantou County. The region around Nantou County consisted of all of the nine identified clones while the remaining regions generally consisted of only one common clone. This evidence indicated that the Nantou region might be the first area of successful introduction and that the cultivation later spread to other regions.