Characteristics of Hydrogen Jets in Supersonic Crossflow: Large-Eddy Simulation Study

The characteristics of hydrogen jets transversely injected into a supersonic crossflow under four different injection and crossflow conditions were investigated by large-eddy simulation. The effects of the jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio and crossflow velocity were studied. The jet trajectory in the averaged field was controlled by the value of the square root of the jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio irrespective of the crossflow conditions. When the crossflow conditions were fixed many jet characteristics were similar in the space normalized using the square root of jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio. On the other hand, the crossflow conditions had a strong impact on the jet characteristics. Although the turbulent intensity around the jet was not affected to a great extent, the shape and convection velocity of the large-scale structures appearing on the windward side of the jet plume depended on the crossflow conditions. With a higher crossflow velocity the convection velocity was higher, the jet was more intermittent, and the progress of mixing was slower. The turbulent mixing state had different features depending on the crossflow conditions.