Disagreement on the standard adjuvant treatment for colon cancer

Since 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus levamisole substantially reduces the recurrence rate and improves survival in adjuvantly treated patients with curative resected stage III colon cancer this combination has been considered the standard therapy. Shortly thereafter folinic acid modulated 5-FU-therapy also demonstrated adjuvant efficacy compared to surgery alone. Therefore various schedules of folinic acid modulated 5-FU-therapg were compared with the standard regimen (5-FU/levamisole). Randomized multicentric studies revealed: In three of four studies 5-FU/FA is superior to 5-FU/levamisole. Treatment duration of 6 months for 5-FU/FA is similar to 12 months 5-FU/Levamisole. No benefit is obtained for 5-FU/FA by additional levamisole. The effect of regional (portal vein or intraperitoneal) treatment is controversial discussed, but combination of the treatment with systemic chemotherapy versus 5-FU/levamisole demonstrated slightly increased therapeutic efficacy. Immunotherapy with autologous tumor cell-BCG or monoclonal antibody treatment improved survival and is currently investigated in studies with conventional systemic treatment and combined chemoimmunotherapy. Beside treatment in studies patients with colon cancer stage III should be offered adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU/FA. Further improvements and adjuvant treatment protocols for stage II carcinoma have to be investigated in studies.