Pilot study - parenteral treatment of recently acquired subclinical mastitis during lactation

Objective To conduct a pilot study to investigate the effect of parenteral antibiotic treatment with penethamate hydriodide on recently acquired sub-clinical mastitis. Design Sixty-nine cows from five Western Victorian dairy farms were enrolled in a pilot trial. Cows that had an Individual Cow Cell Count (ICCC) of greater than 250,000 cells per mL in their milk at their first or second herd test were enrolled in the trial if they were in their first lactation, or if they had a history of ICCCs below 250,000 cells per mL at all herd tests during the previous lactation. These criteria were used in an effort to exclude cows with chronic subclinical mastitis and include cows with recently acquired subclinical mastitis. Procedure Cows were divided into control and treatment groups on the basis of having an odd or even ear tag number. The treatment group was treated with penethamate hydriodide shortly after the first or second herd test; the control group was left untreated. The ICCCs of subsequent herd tests were recorded for the remainder of lactation. Results In 58% of the treatment group, and 25% of the control group, all subsequent ICCCs for that lactation were less than 250,000 cells per mL (p < 0.05). If only first and second lactation cows were considered, 72% of the treatment group, and 11% of the control group, had subsequent ICCCs less than 250,000 cells per mL (p < 0.05). Conclusion An ICCC of greater than 250,000 cells per mL is a good predictor for more high ICCCs at subsequent herd tests. This effect was significantly altered in our trial by treatment with penethamate hydriodide at or near the first or second herd test. Whilst in general treatment of high ICCC cows during lactation is considered to be unrewarding, this pilot study suggests that treatment of cows and heifers appropriately selected on the basis of a previous history of low ICCCs can lead to sustained reductions in cell counts. These results support the case for further study into this area.