Sparse array optimization with directive elements for millimeter-wave application

For many millimeter-wave phased array applications, system complexity and high implementation cost remains as its key limiting factors. These issues arise because of the intricacy of feeding networks and large amounts of RF circuitry that is required. This paper presents a method of sparse array optimization for millimeter-wave applications through the use of a Genetic Algorithm. By applying directive radiating elements for high resolution applications, the initial number of elements can be greatly reduced, helping to simplify the architecture in terms of feeding networks. This method demonstrates a 98.5% reduction in the total number of radiating elements while maintaining a peak sidelobe level below -15 dB, offering a drastic cost reduction on the overall system.