The embalmed heart of Richard the Lionheart (1199 AD): a biological and anthropological analysis

被引：14

作者：

Charlier, Philippe ^{[1
,2
]}

Poupon, Joel ^{[3
]}

Jeannel, Gael-Franois ^{[4
]}

Favier, Dominique ^{[4
]}

Popescu, Speranta-Maria ^{[5
]}

Weil, Raphael ^{[6
]}

Moulherat, Christophe ^{[7
]}

Huynh-Charlier, Isabelle ^{[8
]}

Dorion-Peyronnet, Caroline ^{[9
]}

Lazar, Ana-Maria ^{[10
]}

Herve, Christian ^{[2
]}

de la Grandmaison, Geoffroy Lorin ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Hosp R Poincare, AP HP, UVSQ, Dept Forens Med & Pathol, F-92380 Garches, France

[2] Fac Med Paris 5, Dept Med Eth, F-75005 Paris, France

[3] Univ Lariboisiere Hosp, AP HP, Dept Biol Toxicol, F-75010 Paris, France

[4] IFF, F-92523 Neuilly Sur Seine, France

[5] GeoBioStratData Consulting, F-69140 Rillieux La Pape, France

[6] Univ Paris Sud, Lab Solid State Phys, CNRS, UMR 8502, Orsay, France

[7] Quai Branly Museum, F-75007 Paris, France

[8] Univ Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Radiat Dept, F-75013 Paris, France

[9] Dept Museum Antiqu, F-76000 Rouen, France

[10] Natl French Lib BNF, F-75013 Paris, France

来源：

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 2013年 / 3卷

关键词：

MUMMIES;

D O I：

10.1038/srep01296

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

During the Middle Ages, the partition of the cadaver of the elite members was a current practice, with highly technical treatment given to symbolic organs such as the heart. Considered mostly from a theoretical point of view, this notion of dilaceratio corporis has never been biologically explored. To assess the exact kind of embalming reserved to the heart, we performed a full biomedical analysis of the mummified heart of the English King Richard I (1199 A. D.). Here we show among other aspects, that the organ has been embalmed using substances inspired by Biblical texts and practical necessities of desiccation. We found that the heart was deposed in linen, associated with myrtle, daisy, mint, frankincense, creosote, mercury and, possibly, lime. Furthermore, the goal of using such preservation materials was to allow long-term conservation of the tissues, and good-smelling similar to the one of the Christ (comparable to the odor of sanctity).

引用

页数：6

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