Expressions of Spirituality and States of Consciousness in Brazilian Postpartum Mothers: A Convergent Mixed-Methods Study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the how different aspects of the birthing environment were associated with a parturient's states of consciousness, spirituality, and satisfaction with the childbirth experience. DESIGN: The study utilized a convergent mixed methods research design involving both quantitative and qualitative components with convenience sampling. In total, 276 Brazilian postpartum women completed a states of consciousness mini-test and the Expressions of Spirituality Inventory-Revised. A small subsample of women who gave birth in different settings were also interviewed. Quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and analysis of variance and covariance. Qualitative interview data were thematically analyzed. MAJOR FINDINGS: Home birth and the absence of a physician were associated with a higher occurrence of favorable non-ordinary states and satisfaction with childbirth. Spiritually-inclusive birth preparation was found to be associated with most spirituality and states of consciousness variables and more than childbirth satisfaction. MAIN CONCLUSION: Non-ordinary states emerged from a parturient's sense of security with their surroundings and from preparation for childbirth. Spiritual experiences were related to pre-existing spiritual beliefs and practices.