Probabilistic production costing for photovoltaics-utility systems with battery storage

This paper describes a methodology for calculating the production costing of an integrated photovoltaic-utility system with battery storage. The methodology uses long term historical data on solar radiation to calculate the probability density-function (pdf) of the photovoltaic (PV) power generation. Once the pdf is calculated, PV can be treated as a multi-state unit in a utility system as we apply the conventional production costing techniques. The proposed method is simple and easy to implement, and numerical examples demonstrate the potential applications of the proposed method in a utility system.