Investigation on an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in a county of Shandong Province, China, 2021

Background In order to verify the existence of an anthrax outbreak, determine its scope, grasp the epidemiological characteristics and find out the cause of the outbreak and recommend preventive and control measures. Methods Etiological hypothesis was developed through descriptive epidemiological methods. Hypotheses were tested by analyzing epidemiological methods by comparing the differences in the incidence of different exposure types. Nucleic acid detection and bacterial isolation and culture in the BSL-2 laboratories. SPSS 21 was used to conduct statistical analysis. Results A total of 126 family, workshop, shop environment samples and meat samples were collected, and 6 samples were collected from skin lesions of suspected cutaneous anthrax cases. 41 samples were positive by rPCR and 8 strains of Bacillus anthracis were cultivated. Participated in slaughtering, cutting beef of sick cattles was significantly associated with cutaneous anthrax (RR 3.75, 95% CI 1.08-13.07), this behavior is extremely dangerous. Conclusions Comprehensive analysis of laboratory results and epidemiological survey results and environmental assessments, we judge this epidemic to be an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax, associated with slaughtering and other processes from infected cattle imported from other province.