Selenomethionine-substituted Thermus thermophilus cytochrome ba3:: Characterization of the CuA site by Se and CuK-EXAFS

We have designed a gene that encodes a polypeptide corresponding to amino acids 44-168 of the Thermus thermophilus cytochrome ba(3) subunit II [Keightley et al. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 20345-20358]. The resulting ba(3)-Cu-At10 protein separated into two fractions (A and B) during cation exchange chromatography which were demonstrated to differ only by N-terminal acetylation in fraction A. When the gene was expressed in an Escherichia coli strain that is auxotrophic for methionine and grown in the presence of selenomethionine (Se(Met)), the single methionine of the Cu-At10 protein was quantitatively replaced with Se(Met). Native (S(Met)) and Se(Met)-substituted proteins were characterized by electrospray mass, optical absorption, and EPR spectroscopies and by electrochemical analysis; they were found to have substantially identical properties. The Se(Met)-containing protein was further characterized by Se and Cu K-EXAFS which revealed Cu-Se bond lengths of 2.55 Angstrom, in the mixed-valence form and 2.52 Angstrom in the fully reduced form of CUA Further analysis of the Se- and Cu-EXAFS spectra yielded the Se-S(thiolate) distances and thereby information on the Se-Cu-Cu and Se-Cu-S(thiolate) angles. An expanded EXAFS structural model is presented.