Dry formation of polymer hole injection layer for top emitting organic light emitting diodes

Dry formation of polymer hole injection layer is introduced as an effective method for improving the performance of top emitting organic light emitting diodes (TOLEDs). This method involves transferring a metal/polymer bilayer to the surface of organic layers of the device by pressing. An added advantage of this method is the ability to pattern the anode in the transfer process. Fabrication of the inverted TOLED by this method results in a drastic reduction of the turn-on voltage, from 14.5 to 6.5 V, when compared with a reference. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.