On-line focused microwave digestion hydride generation of inorganic and organic selenium: Total determination and inorganic selenium speciation by atomic absorption spectrometry

An on-line FIA pretreatment with HBr/KBrO3, assisted by on-line focused microwave-induced digestion, has been coupled with hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) for final detection for total selenium determination. This total selenium determination is virtually independent of the different Se species investigated (selenite, selenate, selenomethionine, selenoethionine and selenocystine). Detection limits of 0.8 mu g l(-1) of Se can be achieved by AAS with precisions better than 5%. This continuous flow system for selenium determination allows a high sample throughput (about 30 samples h(-1) can be analyzed) in which high automation can be achieved and constitutes a convenient real-time continuous detector for the different selenocompounds tested. Direct non-chromatographic speciation of inorganic selenium (selenite and selenate in their mixtures) is demonstrated by simple on-off operation of the focused microwaves connected in the flow system. Validation of this simple on-line FIA system has been carried out by analyzing total Se recovered from spiked tap waters and by speciating mixtures of Se(IV) and Se(VI) spiked to the same samples. The fast conversion of Se compounds into volatile selenium could be considered as a sort of specific ''general'' detector for Se compounds which can be extremely useful for Se speciation by hybrid chromatographic techniques.