A Framework for Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging in Singapore

As of 2016, Singapore has only about 100 charging points in commercial, residential and public places according to LTA data. There is a total of 120 electric and hybrid vehicles currently on Singapore roads. LTA has announced its plan to install 2000 charging points in Singapore. With the electric car-sharing programme, another 1000 Electric Vehicles (EV) will be added to the ecosystem. In this paper, we propose a framework that leverages on the real-time information sharing between EVs and charging stations. EV charging stations can update the number of EV chargers (quick charger and normal charger) available onsite and provide the peak / off-peak pricing chargers, average waiting time and customer service index for the charging locations. In this paper, we study the criteria for optimal selection of charging stations by EV users. The cost of charging, average waiting time and the distance to the charging station are the major factors that are taken into consideration. The EV user can select the optimal charging stations based on a weighted combination of the above factors. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.