On the validity of the dilute gas assumption for gap conductance calculations in nuclear fuel performance codes

Fill gas thermal conductivity's dependence on pressure is neglected in today's nuclear fuel performance codes. Current codes assume that gas behaves as a dilute gas, but the pressure effect is more pronounced at temperatures lower than ten times the critical temperature of each pure gas. The validity of this assumption for nuclear fuel performance is examined herein. Theories related to dilute and dense gas properties are presented, along with their validation against literature data at up to 30 MPa for selected inert gases. Underlying assumptions are clearly described for each model, and their possible impacts on gap conductance calculations are discussed. The dilute gas assumption is valid for helium because it behaves as a dilute gas. However, the assumption is not valid in most gap conductance calculations when the gap is mostly occupied with either lower conductivity gaseous fission products or an initial fill gas other than helium.