Human perception of pneumatic tactile cues

The ability to combine tactile, on-the-skin, sensory cues with the kinesthetic ones that widely available force-feedback devices are able to produce is a desirable one, opening the door to the production of more realistic, compelling virtual environments. Pneumatic air-jet displays can be easily mounted on existing force-feedback devices and we believe have the potential to provide useful complimentary tactile information. However, there is little concrete psychophysical data relating to pneumatic displays - a fact that hinders their adoption. This paper addresses this challenge, and presents brief psychophysical studies examining localization rate, the two-point threshold and the stimulus intensity of cues produced by pneumatic air jets. Using insights gained from these studies, we also present a more concrete application-focused investigation where we evaluate the effect of combining tactile and force-feedback cues in a simple object manipulation task in a virtual environment. We show that task completion times are significantly improved with the addition of tactile information, validating our ideas and suggesting this topic warrants further attention. (c) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and The Robotics Society of Japan, 2008