Metal-organic framework-derived heteroatom-doped nanoarchitectures for electrochemical energy storage: Recent advances and future perspectives

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) feature high surface area, diverse functional sites and ultra-high porosity, offering great opportunities as multifunctional platforms for the development of MOF-derived heteroatom-doped nanoarchitectures. The designable functionality of MOF-derived heteroatom-doped nanoarchitectures hold particular promise for electrochemical energy storage (EES). However, the underlying mechanism and selection criteria for MOF-derived heteroatom-doped nanoarchitectures remain unclear in EES applications, hindering further development of new MOF-derived chemistries. Here, instead of simply summarizing recent progress, we critically summarize the research progress of MOF-derived heteroatom-doped nanoarchitectures for EES since 2014, including heteroatom-doped metal compound nanoarchitectures and heteroatom-doped carbon nanoarchitectures. Their applications in supercapacitors (SCs), alkali (Li, Na, K)-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), and zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are discussed in detail, with special attention to their structure-performance relationships and existing issues. Moreover, some representative design strategies are highlighted, which provide new routes for overcoming existing limitations. Finally, the challenges and prospects of MOF-derived heteroatom-doped nanoarchitectures for EES are presented.