Factors influencing shoot multiplication of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)

Effect of plant growth regulators, explant size, season of explant collection, temperature ( 20, 25 and 30 C) and photoperiod on in vitro lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) shoot formation and growth were examined. Shoots formation was greatly influenced by growth regulators, explant size and season of explant collection. The maximum number of shoots were induced from bud explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 4.44 mu M benzyladenine (BA) + 0.54 mu M alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Explants formed by bud of one expanded and one unexpanded leaf, which was collected in spring gave encouraging results of shoot production. Higher temperature favoured shoot induction and subsequent growth was much better at 25 degrees C compared to that at 20 and 30 degrees C.