Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: Sitagliptin down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway to reduce uterine injury in rats

Objective(s): Uterine ischemia is a common problem with ongoing controversy about its pathogenesis and prevention. The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of sitagliptin against uterine ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Materials and Methods: Rats were allocated into 4 groups: control, sitagliptin (SIT) (5 mg/kg), IR; ischemia was induced followed by reperfusion, and IR+SIT; SIT was administered 1 hr before IRI. Uteri were removed for histopathological and biochemical observations. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total nitrites (NOx), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were all measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, Periodic acid -Schiff stain (PAS), and caspase-3 immunostaining were applied. Results: In the IR+SIT group; NOx, GSH, and SOD activities increased significantly. Meanwhile, the levels of MDA, TNF-alpha, IL-6, TLR4, and caspase-3 immunoexpression showed a significant reduction, as compared with the IR group. In the IR+SIT group, an improvement in the histopathological picture was noticed. Conclusion: The results showed that sitagliptin confers protection against uterine IRI through anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects with a possible role for TLR4.