Sensitivity analysis for MHD effects and inclination angles on natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation of Al2O3-water nanofluid in square cavity by Response Surface Methodology

The natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation of Al2O3-water nanofluid, in a square cavity with inclination angle theta and the presence of a constant axial magnetic field B-0 are examined in this paper. The governing equations are solved numerically by finite volume method. Also an effective parameters analysis was performed by using of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effects of the Rayleigh number (10(3), 10(4),10(5) and 10(6)), Hartmann number (0, 10, 30 and 50) and also inclination angles (0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees) are investigated. It is observed that the mean Nusselt number and the total entropy generation increase when the Rayleigh number increases. It is also found that, regardless of the Ha parameter, by increasing of the inclination angles, the mean Nusselt number and entropy generation rate increase until inclination angle 30 degrees and then they decrease. Also, for low Ra numbers, by increasing the Ha parameter, the mean Nusselt number increases until Ha = 10 and then decreases. The analysis showed that the sensitivity of the Nusselt number and the entropy generation to Ha parameter was too small, and as a result it was negligible. Also, the sensitivity of the mean Nusselt number and the entropy generation to inclination angle, theta, increases by increasing of this angle. It is also observed that the mean Nusselt number and the entropy generation were more sensitive to the inclination angle theta than the Ha parameter. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.