The purpose of this article is the evaluation of competitive positions of Ukraine, Poland and Russia based on the economic competitiveness index at the global level and comparative analysis of the medical institutions' competitiveness indicator in these countries as one of the key indicators of the global ranking. To achieve this goal, the ranking method, the method of generalization, as well as systematic, comparative and statistical analysis were chosen. The research showed that according to the Global Competitiveness Index in 2016-2017, the Polish economy ranked 36th, the Russian economy - 43, and the Ukrainian - 85th place in the world ranking. According to the "health and primary education" indicator, Poland ranked 38th, Ukraine ranked 54th, and Russia ranked 62nd among all countries participating in the ranking. More dipper analysis of activity indicators of health care institutions in Ukraine, Poland and Russia showed that Poland is a leading country based on the set of key indicators, that show the health care systems' competitiveness level, Ukraine took the second place and Russia is in outsider's group. The research showed the importance of effectiveness' evaluation of the health care institutions' activity, because this help not only rank countries in the middle of the statistical sample but also focuses on stronger countries achievements, implement their experience, skills and good practices and help those healthcare institutions that occupy the top positions in the domestic markets not stop on current level.