A complementary metal-oxide semiconductor digitally programmable current conveyor

A second-generation current conveyor with digitally programmable current gains is presented. A current division network with zero standby power consumption is utilized in two different ways to provide both gain and attenuation of the second-generation current conveyor's current transfer characteristics. The proposed topology overcomes several drawbacks of the previous solutions through affording a more power and area efficient solution while exhibiting relatively wider tuning range and bandwidth. A variable-gain amplifier and a two-integrator-loop filter biquad providing low-pass and band-pass responses are given as application examples. A modified two-integrator-loop topology is developed to offer independent control of the pole frequency and quality factor without disturbing the passband gain. Simulation results obtained from a standard 0.18 mu m complementary metaloxide semiconductor process are given. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.