In the past few years the philosophy of David Hume has as last begun to enjoy the high level of attention that it deserves. This undoubtedly welcome fact is, however, marred by the widespread currency of a serious misinterpretation of Hume's conception of knowledge which arises from a trivial error in translation from English into Czech. The author of this misinterpretation has not only deepened its character, but he is now also being increasingly cited. Meanwhile the most detailed monograph on Hume in Czech, which drew attention to the error in question, has been quite overlooked. This article demonstrates, step by step, how the original error came to be made, how it has then been developed, and the effects it has subsequently had. The article also formulates a corrective viewpoint, offering arguments in its favour.