Sleep quality among cardiac patients on follow up at Jimma Medical Center, southwestern Ethiopia

Introduction: Chronic heart failure is associated with changes in sleep pattern and affects quality of sleep among patients with heart failure. Poor sleep has a negative impact on the patients' quality of life, furthermore it compromises cognition and one's self-care practice. Though, factors affecting sleep among heart failure patients have been investigated in developed world, there are limited studies in regards to it in developing countries like Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the level of sleep quality and associated factors among heart failure patients who are on follow up at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). Material and Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was employed among the total sample of 111 chronic heart failure patients admitted to medical ward and having follow up at cardiac center of JMC. The data was collected from April 1 - April 30, 2019 through face-to-face interview by using structured questionnaire. Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied to assess sleep quality. PSQI score <5 refers to good sleep quality. Data was checked, cleaned for possible errors, entered into Epidata version 4.3.1 and finally exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Appropriate statistical analyses (cross tabulation and logistic regression) were applied. A p value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: The mean age was 49 +/- 14 that ranges from 20-89 years by which majority of them 34 (30.6%) belongs to interval age of 35-44 years. The mean of PSQI score was 4.9 +/- 2.79 that ranges from 1-17 scores. Majority of the cardiac patients [69(62.2%)] were considered as having good sleep status (PSQI score <5) while the remaining 42 (37.8%) were considered as poor sleepers with PSQI score >5. Two variables (age of patients more than 65 years and presence of comorbidity) were identified as associated factors with poor sleep quality having P-value less than 0.05 and specific AOR with 95%CI of 4.087 (2.013-8.612) and 3.042 (1.074-8.619), respectively. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality is common in heart failure patients. Age >65 years and comorbidities are predictors of poor sleep quality in these patients.