Impact of diverse penetration levels of thermal units on a hybrid microgrid energy management considering the time of use and function priority

This paper investigates the eco-emission analysis of a hybrid microgrid by assuming different penetration levels of thermal resources and considering storage devices in the presence of demand response programs. The dualobjective scheduling is done for 24 h (i.e., 4*6-time intervals). The total cost and contamination of the hybrid microgrid are considered as objectives. The time of use program (TOU) is considered on both electrical and thermal loads to determine the effect of demand response programs (DRP) on the planning. The impact of objective function priority is also applied to overcome decision obstacles. The hybrid microgrid consists of electrical and thermal loads; on the generation side, it has a diverse set of thermal resources like combined heat and power (CHP) unit, boiler, furnace, solar water heater, air to water heat pump, wind turbine, photovoltaic systems, micro-turbine. The problem is modeled as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model in General algebraic modeling system (GAMS). Epsilon-constraints method and the fuzzy method are used for dealing with multiple objectives. The results show that thermal resources availability and management significantly impact the objectives; therefore, the cost and pollution are reduced from $295.6 and 2173 kg to $ 253.5 and 1929.7 kg in a nominal scenario. Also, remarkable results are obtained by using demand response programs and function priority in electrical and thermal loads.