Study of the adsorption behavior of tetracycline onto suspended sediments in the Yellow River, China: Insights into the transportation and mechanism

The increasing usage of household drugs has contributed to the widespread distribution of antibiotic pollutants in the aquatic environment. Although previous studies have proven that sediments could act as an important transport vector of antibiotic pollutants, the crucial impact of suspended sediments (SS) on the migration and fate of antibiotics in water bodies remains unclear. This study systematically investigated the performance and potential mechanism of adsorp-tion of tetracycline (TC) on SS in the Yellow River. The results show that physisorption (pore filling, hydrogen bond-ing) and chemisorption (& pi;-& pi; interaction, surface complexation, and electrostatic interaction) activities contributed to the adsorption of TC onto SS. The mineral components (SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3) of SS were found to be the main active sites for TC adsorption. The contribution of SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3 to the overall TC adsorption could reach up to 5.6 %, 0.4 %, and 73.3 %, respectively. Interestingly, the DFT results suggesting that SiO2 tends to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with TC, while Fe-O and Al-O play predominant roles in TC adsorption on SS. The MIKE simulations showed that river temperature, initial pH, and SS concentration would significantly affect the concentration of dissolved TC during SS transport. In addition, the presence of humic acid and more acidic environments favored the adsorption of TC on SS. Conversely, the introduction of inorganic cations inhibited the adsorption of TC on SS. This study provides new insights into the adsorption mechanism and migration of antibiotics in rivers with high SS content.