On the Relationship of Iranian EFL Learners' Engagement and Self- Regulation with Their Learning Outcomes

Background: Language learning is a long and tedious process and some students may lose their initial interest, so their learning achievement might in turn decrease. Student engagement and self-regulation can be seen as influential in helping them to restore their enthusiasm and motivation. Engagement can assist students to be actively involved in their school work in order to become more motivated and interested in language learning. Further, self-regulation also seems to contribute to have students regulate their learning behavior and engagement, which could possibly play a role in their learning outcomes.Purpose: The purpose of this study was thus to investigate the relationships of self-regulation and student engagement with learning outcomes.Method: The participants, selected through convenience sampling, included 146 language learners learning English at the Iran Language Institute (ILI) Gorgan, Iran. They were given two questionnaires and a language proficiency test. Results: The obtained data were analyzed by using SPSS, version 26. The results of Spearman's rho correlation tests indicated that there were statistically significant relationships of selfregulation and student engagement with learning outcomes, with student engagement having a stronger association with learning outcomes. Moreover, student engagement as a global construct was a better predictor of learning outcomes.Conclusion: Since student engagement is comparatively new in the realm of language education, the findings can contribute to our understanding of its role in learning outcomes. Besides, the results have pedagogical implications for language learners and language teachers alike.