The Relationship between Measured Visitor Density and Perceived Crowding Revisited: Predicting Perceived Crowding in Outdoor Recreation

被引:4
|
作者
Doeringer, Stefanie [1 ,5 ]
Porst, Florian [1 ]
Stumpf, Lena [1 ,2 ]
Heurich, Marco [1 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Bavarian Forest Natl Pk, Dept Natl Pk Monitoring & Anim Management, Grafenau, Germany
[2] Eberswalde Univ Sustainable Dev, Fac Landscape Management & Nat Conservat, Eberswalde, Germany
[3] Univ Freiburg, Fac Environm & Nat Resources, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Management, Freiburg, Germany
[4] Inland Norway Univ Appl Sci, Fac Appl Ecol Agr Sci & Biotechnol, Evenstad, Norway
[5] Bavarian Forest Natl Pk, Visitor Management & Natl Pk Monitor, Grafenau, Germany
关键词
Perceived crowding; predictive model; protected area; visitation numbers; visitor density; NATIONAL-PARKS; NORMS; MANAGEMENT; AREAS; PERCEPTIONS; ENCOUNTERS; EXPERIENCE; MODELS; ISSUES; LEVEL;
D O I
10.1080/01490400.2023.2265366
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
Protected areas around the globe face increasing visitation numbers and crowding, a situation exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although measured visitor density and perceived crowding are strongly related, analyses of this relationship are lacking. We argue that measured visitor density serves as a reliable and objective indicator of perceived crowding. This study therefore examined the effects of visitation numbers, perceived encounters, and expectations on perceived crowding in the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany). Automated visitor counts at six park locations were linked to data from an on-site crowding survey conducted in 2021. A predictive model and visitation thresholds were calculated using a logistic regression, which showed that visitation numbers are a well-suited predictor of crowding. The results indicated a strong association between measured visitor density and perceived crowding, moderated by site-specific conditions. The calculated thresholds provide a valuable instrument that can be used to inform the public in advance about peak visiting times.
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页数:24
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