Synthesis, heat transfer properties and stability of nanofluids for commercialization: a review

Nanofluids are advanced class of heat transfer fluids that are in trend due to their high thermophysical properties over the past two decades. However, there are some limitations and restrictions that are needed to be removed before nanofluids can be commercialized. The main issues are the low stability and shelf life of such fluids which mask the potential usage of nanofluids in applications such as oil recovery, heat exchangers, drug delivery and lubricant. Hence, challenging task of stabilizing the nanofluid is key concern in capitalizing the nanofluids. In this study, the aim is to explore the previous literature related to stability and thermophysical properties of nanofluid for better understanding.