Innovative discussion of decision-making model based on complex cubic picture fuzzy information and geometric aggregation operators with applications

This article presents a novel concept of complex cubic picture fuzzy sets (CCPFS) and introduces one more new idea of complex interval-valued picture fuzzy sets (CIVPFS) as foundational framework of CCPFS. The proposed CCPFS combines CIVPFS and complex picture fuzzy sets (CPFS), where CPFS extends the complex intuitionistic fuzzy set by incorporating a neutral membership degree. This unique model offers an expanded range of values using degrees of membership, neutral membership, and non-membership, within the unit disk of a complex plane. Additionally, we introduce two more new ideas of internal complex cubic picture fuzzy sets (ICCPFS) and external complex cubic picture fuzzy sets (ECCPFS) to further enhance the versatility of the approach. To facilitate practical applications, complement, score, and accuracy functions are developed and defined for CCPFS. Moreover, three types of averaging aggregation operators based on complex cubic picture fuzzy sets are introduced, including complex cubic picture fuzzy weighted geometric (CCPFWG) operators, complex cubic picture fuzzy ordered weighted geometric (CCPFOWG) operator, and complex cubic picture fuzzy hybrid weighted geometric (CCPFHWG) operator. The CCPFHWG operator generalizes both CCPFWG and CCPFOWG operators, providing a comprehensive framework for aggregating complex cubic picture fuzzy data. To demonstrate the practicality of the proposed approach, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem is presented, showcasing its effectiveness in addressing today's complex decision structures. The utilization of complex cubic picture fuzzy sets and the corresponding aggregation operators in MCDM highlights their applicability and relevance in tackling real-world complexities.