Energy security performance evaluation revisited: From the perspective of the energy supply chain

The previous research on energy security performance (ESP) has often treated the energy security system as a "black box," meaning that it has not explored the internal composition structure of the system or the linking relationships of the energy supply chain. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework and a comparative study of ESP evaluation in 32 OECD countries over 20 years, dividing the energy system into four processes. A dynamic network Data Envelopment Analysis (DNDEA) model is used to analyze the energy system's overall performance and each process's performance, considering their internal structure and dynamic characteristics. The ESP results show that half of the 32 OECD countries had perfect efficiency scores, while the other half had scores ranging from 0.0222 to 0.74. The study also found more progress in the second half of the 20-year period. In terms of the four individual processes, the total primary energy supply (TPES) and total final energy consumption (TFEC) processes had consistently high scores, while the secondary energy resources (SER) process had room for improvement. Based on a cross-check of the various ESP results over the past 20 years, as well as the ESP in the most recent decade, seven countries (Austria, Canada, Finland, South Korea, Luxembourg, Norway, and Switzerland) were identified as benchmarks for their strong performance, and the study examined the indicators underlying their success. The study also identifies areas for improvement in underperforming countries and determines future directions for improvement.