A semantic parsing pipeline for context-dependent question answering over temporally structured data

We propose a new setting for question answering (QA) in which users can query the system using both natural language and direct interactions within a graphical user interface that displays multiple time series associated with an entity of interest. The user interacts with the interface in order to understand the entity's state and behavior, entailing sequences of actions and questions whose answers may depend on previous factual or navigational interactions. We describe a pipeline implementation where spoken questions are first transcribed into text which is then semantically parsed into logical forms that can be used to automatically extract the answer from the underlying database. The speech recognition module is implemented by adapting a pre-trained long short-term memory (LSTM)-based architecture to the user's speech, whereas for the semantic parsing component we introduce an LSTM-based encoder-decoder architecture that models context dependency through copying mechanisms and multiple levels of attention over inputs and previous outputs. When evaluated separately, with and without data augmentation, both models are shown to substantially outperform several strong baselines. Furthermore, the full pipeline evaluation shows only a small degradation in semantic parsing accuracy, demonstrating that the semantic parser is robust to mistakes in the speech recognition output. The new QA paradigm proposed in this paper has the potential to improve the presentation and navigation of the large amounts of sensor data and life events that are generated in many areas of medicine.