Association Between Central Corneal Thickness and Axial Length in Patients with Refractive Anomalies and Emmetropes

Background: This study aimed to determine the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and axial length (AL) in patients with refractive anomalies and emmetropes.Methods and Results: The study included 330 respondents, with a total of 660 eyes, divided into two groups. The test group (TG) included 180 respondents with refractive anomalies (65 respondents with hypertropia, 65 with myopia, and 50 with astigmatism); the control group (CG) included 150 respondents with uncorrected visual acuity - 6/6 in both eyes. The CCT values were higher in the hypermetropic group compared to the myopic group (561.5 +/- 25.3 vs. 517.9 +/- 37.3 mm, P<0.001), astigmatism group (561.5 +/- 25.3 vs. 528.3 +/- 35.3 mm, P<0.001) and the CG (561.5 +/- 25.3 vs. 553.3 +/- 18.5 mm, P<0.001). From 360 eyes in the TG with refractive anomalies, the lowest AL values were found in the hypermetropic group (21.7 +/- 1.0 mm) compared to the myopic group (P<0.001), the astigmatism group (P<0.001), and the CG (P<0.001). Similar differences were also found for the right eyes (OD): hypermetrops tend to have shorter AL than the astigmatic group (P<0.001), myopic group (P<0.001), and the CG (emmetrope) (P<0.001).Conclusion: The mean CCT value in the hyperopic group was higher than in the emmetropic group, while the CCT value of the myopic and astigmatic group was lower than that of the emmetropic group. AL values were the lowest in the hypermetropic group than in the myopic, astigmatic, and control groups.