Investigating the Impact of Green Natural Resources and Green Activities on Ecological Footprint: A Perspective of Saudi Vision 2030

The purpose of this study was to develop a deep understanding of the interactions between the ecological footprint, forest resources, land resources, environmental technology, and renewable energy consumption in Saudi Arabia. The study uses the data from 1980 to -2019 for econometric analysis. The findings of nonlinear ARDL estimates have reported the significance of forest and land resources to curtail the ecological footprint. Environmental technology and renewable energy empirical outcomes are insignificant in pre-Vision 2030 analyses, but become negative and significant in positive shock analyses. These results underscore that Saudi Vision 2030 has proposed workable and practical policies to address environmental challenges. Considering these findings, policymakers should implement beneficial policies that manage the country's natural resources to reduce the ecological footprint and achieve the goals of Vision 2030.