Sex Differences in Heart Failure: What Do We Know?

被引:8
|
作者
Arata, Allegra [1 ]
Ricci, Fabrizio [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Khanji, Mohammed Y. [2 ]
Mantini, Cesare [1 ]
Angeli, Francesco [4 ]
Aquilani, Roberta [5 ]
Di Baldassarre, Angela [6 ]
Renda, Giulia [1 ]
Mattioli, Anna Vittoria [7 ]
Nodari, Savina [8 ]
Gallina, Sabina [1 ]
机构
[1] G Annunzio Univ Chieti Pescara, Dept Neurosci Imaging & Clin Sci, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
[2] Queen Mary Univ London, William Harvey Res Inst, NIHR Barts Biomed Res Ctr, Charterhouse Sq, London EC1M 6BQ, England
[3] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, S-21428 Malmo, Sweden
[4] Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Via Zamboni, 33, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
[5] SS Annunziata Univ Hosp, Heart Dept, Cardiac Surg Intens Care Unit, Via Vestini 5, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
[6] G Annunzio Univ Chieti Pescara, Ctr Adv Studies & Technol, Dept Med & Aging Sci, CAST, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
[7] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Surg Med & Dent Dept Morphol Sci Related Transplan, I-41100 Modena, Italy
[8] Univ Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili Hosp, Dept Cardiol, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
关键词
sex; gender medicine; heart failure; menopause; pregnancy; guidelines; treatment; RIGHT-VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOPATHY/DYSPLASIA; TRANSTHYRETIN CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; CLINICAL-MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; SYMPTOM PRESENTATION;
D O I
10.3390/jcdd10070277
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Heart failure (HF) remains an important global health issue, substantially contributing to morbidity and mortality. According to epidemiological studies, men and women face nearly equivalent lifetime risks for HF. However, their experiences diverge significantly when it comes to HF subtypes: men tend to develop HF with reduced ejection fraction more frequently, whereas women are predominantly affected by HF with preserved ejection fraction. This divergence underlines the presence of numerous sex-based disparities across various facets of HF, encompassing aspects such as risk factors, clinical presentation, underlying pathophysiology, and response to therapy. Despite these apparent discrepancies, our understanding of them is far from complete, with key knowledge gaps still existing. Current guidelines from various professional societies acknowledge the existence of sex-based differences in HF management, yet they are lacking in providing explicit, actionable recommendations tailored to these differences. In this comprehensive review, we delve deeper into these sex-specific differences within the context of HF, critically examining associated definitions, risk factors, and therapeutic strategies. We provide a specific emphasis on aspects exclusive to women, such as the impact of pregnancy-induced hypertension and premature menopause, as these unique factors warrant greater attention in the broader HF discussion. Additionally, we aim to clarify ongoing controversies and knowledge gaps pertaining to the pharmacological treatment of HF and the sex-specific indications for cardiac implantable electronic devices. By shining a light on these issues, we hope to stimulate a more nuanced understanding and promote the development of more sex-responsive approaches in HF management.
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收藏
页数:18
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