From Desegregation and Integration to Diversity and Inclusion: The Environment Was Just Ice

The process of desegregation at Southern schools of pharmacy was long and arduous. Despite persistent protests, struggles, and lawsuits, many schools of pharmacy did not graduate their first Black students until the 1970s. The School of Pharmacy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill unintentionally desegregated in 1962 when its first Black student, William Wicker, was inadvertently admitted. His personal story and those of his fellow pioneers in desegregation, Mona (Boston) Reddick and James Barnes, provide valuable context to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion efforts. The historical proximity of desegregation affords the pharmacy profession only one or two generations of Black pharmacists trained during an era when Southern pharmacy education was broadly available. These stories personify the legacy of segregation, confront the ongoing impact of structural racism, and meaningfully inform conversations about Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in pharmacy education.