Genetic and biochemical characterization of BIM-1, a novel acquired subgroup B1 MBL found in a Pseudomonas sp. strain from the Brazilian Amazon region

Objectives: To characterize a novel acquired MBL, BIM-1, in a Pseudomonas #2 (subgroup P. guariconensis) strain isolated from the Aura river located in the Brazilian Amazon hydrographic basin. Methods: WGS using an Illumina MiSeq System was used to characterize the genome of Pseudomonas sp. IEC33019 strain. Southern blotting/hybridization assays were performed to confirm the location of the MBL-encoding gene, blaBIM- 1 (Belem Imipenemase). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, cloning, and biochemical and phenotypic characterization were performed to determine BIM-1 kinetics. Results: The IEC33019 strain showed high resistance rates to beta-lactams, ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides, being susceptible only to polymyxins and susceptible, increased exposure to aztreonam. WGS analysis revealed a novel acquired MBL-encoding gene, blaBIM-1, found as a gene cassette inserted into a class 1 integron (In1326) that also carried qnrVC1 and aadA11e. In1326 was located in a complex transposon, Tn7122, carried by a 52.7 kb conjugative plasmid (pIEC33019) with a toxin/antitoxin system (vapB/vapC). BIM-1 belongs to the molecular subgroup B1 and shares 70.2% and 64.9% similarity with SIM-1 and IMP-1, respectively. Kinetics analysis of BIM-1 showed hydrolytic activity against all beta-lactams tested. Conclusions: BIM-1 is a novel acquired MBL encoded by a gene carried by mobile genetic elements, which can be transferred to other Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Because the IEC33019 strain was recovered from a river impacted by a populous metropolitan region with poor basic sanitation and served by limited potable freshwater, it would be important to establish the role of the BIM-1-producing GNB as nosocomial pathogens and/or as colonizers of the riverside population in this geographical region.