A comprehensive survey of fake news in social networks: Attributes, features, and detection approaches

The explosion of online social networks in recent decades has significantly improved in which the way individuals communicate with one another. People trust social networks bluntly without knowing the origin and genuinity of the information passed through these networks. Sometimes, unreliable informa-tion on online social networks misleads the viewers, and it brings unremovable stains to humanity. Online social networks transform even the original information of the government, which create confu-sion among the people and people loses confidence over the government. Various types of research have been conducted to identify fake news with high efficiency. In this survey, we describe the basic theories of fake news, investigate and analyze the perspective on fake news, attribute misleading information, an in-depth analysis of disinformation, and methods that have been established for detection. To our knowl-edge, this research article will assist in facilitating collaborative activities among technical experts, polit-ical campaigns, online purchases, and other disciplines that are being used to investigate fake messages.& COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).