Critical Issues of Optimal Reactive Power Compensation Based on an HVAC Transmission System for an Offshore Wind Farm

The reactive power (RP) control of the high voltage alternating current transmission system (HVAC TS) for offshore wind farms (OWFs) is a crucial task to assure the consistent and efficient operation of the system. The importance of RP compensation (RPC) in power system operation is to maintain voltage stability and reduce power losses. Offshore wind farms present unique challenges for power system operation due to their distance from the onshore grid, variable wind conditions, and complex electrical infrastructure. The HVAC TS is common for OWFs as it is well-suited for transmitting large amounts of power over long distances. In this paper, a literature-based analysis helps in improving the operation and reliability of OWFs, ultimately leading to greater renewable energy utilization. This paper concludes that optimal RPC is a critical task for ensuring the stable and efficient operation of HVAC TSs for OWFs. Advanced control and optimization techniques can help achieve an optimal RPC, thereby minimizing TLS and improving the overall system efficiency. Furthermore, the study investigates the possible benefits of incorporating novel technologies and approaches, such as RESs, into the power compensation process. By offering insightful information on how to optimize HVAC TSs for OWFs, for example, subsea power cables with multiple layers must be used to carry electricity from large offshore wind farms, the development of more sustainable and effective energy solutions is possible. The research concludes by stating that ensuring the steady and effective operation of HVAC TSs for OWFs is a crucial responsibility. Advanced optimization and control solutions can reduce TLS and increase system efficiency by assisting in achieving the optimal RPC.