Effect of ten different biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid of obese and non-obese undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ten proinflam-matory cytokines in GCF of participants with raised body mass index (BMI) compared to non -obese subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the cross-sec-tional cohort, subjects were shortlisted through the purposive sampling method with the same age and gender and similar characteristics (co-hort). For inclusion and exclusion, predefined criteria were followed. In all included partici-pants obese and non-obese collection of GCF was made from mandibular canine to canine. Identification of inflammatory mediators (MPO and CRP) leptin, adiponectin, and resistin (pg/ mL). Bone remodeling biomarkers RANKL (pg/ mL) and tissue remodeling biomarkers MMP8, MMP9, TIMP1, and MMP8/TIMP1, MMP9/TIMP1 ratio were collected and blinded by the investi-gator. Normal distribution of data i.e., age, BMI, the flow rate of GCF, indices plaque and gingi-val, and uWMS were compared using a t-test. Non-normality biomarker data were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U-test. To assess the rela-tionship between the concentration of GCF bio-markers and plaque and gingival indices Pear-son and Spearman correlation coefficients were used.RESULTS: The total number of participants included was 44. In the obese and non-obese groups, the male/female ratio was the same i.e., (n=11 each). The mean age of participants in the obese group was 25.7 +/- 1.55 years, whereas the non-obese group was 26.1 +/- 1.29 years. In obese the mean BMI was 33.6 +/- 2.1 kg/m2 whereas in non-obese 22.9 +/- 1.9 kg/m2 (p<0.02). Among the levels of biomarkers adiponectin (p<0.006) and leptin (p<0.028) demonstrated a significant dif-ference between obese and non-obese partici-pants. Also, a significant difference was noted between obese and non-obese in tissue remod-eling biomarker MMP9 (p<0.03).CONCLUSIONS: A surge in the level of the biomarkers, i.e., MMP9, leptin, and adiponectin in the gingival crevicular fluid is found in obese undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.